https://wiki.panotools.org/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=Floz&feedformat=atomPanoTools.org Wiki - User contributions [en]2024-03-28T09:00:05ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.35.3https://wiki.panotools.org/index.php?title=Enfuse&diff=15708Enfuse2015-03-09T09:33:44Z<p>Floz: /* External Links */</p>
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<div>[[Image:2125768589_b.jpg|thumb|[[:Image:2125768589_b.jpg|Four exposure panorama blended with enfuse]]]]<br />
[[Image:Lamp_enfuse.jpg|thumb|[[:Image:Lamp_enfuse.jpg|17 EV image blended with enfuse - (c) Jacek Zagaja]]]]<br />
Enfuse is {{glossary|a command-line program used to merge different exposures of the same scene to produce an image that looks very much like a [[Tone_mapping|tonemapped]] image (without the [[Halo|halos]]) but requires no creation of an [[HDR]] image|1}}. Therefore it is much simpler to use and allows the creation of very large multiple exposure panoramas.<br />
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Enfuse is based on a paper by Tom Mertens, Jan Kautz and Frank Van Reeth: [http://research.edm.uhasselt.be/~tmertens/papers/exposure_fusion_reduced.pdf "Exposure fusion"] The implementation was done by Andrew Mihal (developer of [[Enblend]]) and the [[hugin]] team around [[User:Pablo|Pablo d'Angelo]]<br />
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An extended documentation could be found on [[Enfuse reference manual]]<br />
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Other programs using Exposure Fusion: [http://www.tawbaware.com/tufuse.htm tufuse] and [[PTGui]] Pro<br />
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== State of development ==<br />
On 8 September 2008 the first official version of enfuse has been released together with enblend.<br />
Enfuse/enblend can be downloaded from [http://enblend.sourceforge.net/ enblend.sourceforge.net]. On that site you will find the 3.2 version source code as well as precompiled windows binaries.<br />
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Beta (development) releases can be downloaded from <br />
*[http://panorama.dyndns.org/index.php?lang=en&subject=Hugin&texttag=Hugin panorama.dyndns.org] (scroll down on that page) for MacOSX <br />
*and also from [http://hugin.panotools.org/testing/hugin/ hugin.panotools.org]<br />
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=== Known bugs ===<br />
(This section needs to be updated)<br><br />
This is a list of known bugs in the current version as linked above. For a list of bugs in previous versions please refer to an [http://wiki.panotools.org/Enfuse?oldid=10011 older version of this page]<br />
<br />
* If contrasty structures are near [[zenith]] or [[nadir]] in an [[equirectangular]] image, there might be an artifact (vortex) in the resulting pano.<br />
: Workaround: use on zenith and nadir images separately and stitch them in the resulting pano afterwards.<br />
:: - unknown, whether could be fixed easily<br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
Enfuse merges overlapping images using the Mertens-Kautz-Van Reeth exposure fusion algorithm. This is a quick way to blend differently exposed images into a nice output image, without producing intermediate [[HDR]] images that are then tonemapped to a viewable image. This simplified process often works much better than the currently known tonemapping algorithms.<br />
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Enfuse can also be used to build extended [[Depth_of_Field|DOF]] images, by blending a focus stack.<br />
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=== Basics ===<br />
The basic idea is that pixels in the input images are weighted according to qualities such as proper exposure, good contrast, and high saturation. These weights determine how much a given pixel will contribute to the final image. <br />
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This idea is not quite new. F.e. Ardeshir Goshtasby proposed a [http://www.humanfactors.wright.edu/~agoshtas/IMAVIS4.27.Paper.pdf technique to select and blend only well exposed blocks] and Erik Krause provided a [http://www.erik-krause.de/blending photoshop action] to smart mask badly exposed areas. Many such "DRI" or "Exposure Blending" solutions exist.<br />
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The problem of all this techniques was to find good transitions between the areas taken from differently exposed images. There always was a risk of getting banding or even reversed gradients within areas where the brightness gradually changed.<br />
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Enfuse solves this problem by using the multi resolution spline blending technique well known from [[enblend]] and [[smartblend]] - and it is actually this step which is responsible for the wonderful results. The technique is described detailed [http://enblend.sourceforge.net/details.htm for enblend] and it works almost the same for enfuse, with the exception that instead of the initial seam line a mask is created according to the given criteria. <br />
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Enfuse uses three different criteria to judge the quality of a pixel: Exposure, saturation, and contrast. <br />
* The exposure criteria favors pixels with luminance close to the middle of the range. These pixels are considered better-exposed than those with high or low luminance levels. <br />
* The saturation criteria favors highly-saturated pixels. <br />
* The contrast criteria favors high-contrast pixels. The local gray or color value standard deviation is used as a contrast measure. The Mertens-Kautz-Van Reeth paper suggest using a laplacian filter, but the standard deviation produces much better results for differently focused images.<br />
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=== Adjustments ===<br />
You can adjust how much importance is given to each criteria by setting the weight parameters on the command line. For example, if you set --wExposure=1.0 and --wSaturation=0.5, Enfuse will favor well-exposed pixels over highly-saturated pixels when blending the source images. The impact of these parameters on the final result will not always be clear. The quality of the result is subject to your artistic interpretation. Playing with the weights may or may not give you a more pleasing result. I encourage you to experiment (perhaps using downsized images for speed).<br />
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Enfuse allows each input image to have an alpha channel. By setting the alpha values of pixels to zero, users can manually remove those pixels from consideration when blending. If an input image lacks an alpha channel, Enfuse will print a warning and continue assuming all pixels should be processed for final output. Any alpha value other than zero is interpreted as "this pixel should should be considered for the final image".<br />
<br />
== Usage ==<br />
The usage below refers to the CVS version of the 21 Dec 2007. Use enfuse as follows:<br />
enfuse <options> <input files>.<br />
Input files can be a list of files or a wildcard (on windows f.e. <code>IMG*.jpg</code> for all jpg images that begin with IMG.<br />
<br />
=== Common options ===<br />
-h<br />
Print information on the available options. <br />
-l num<br />
Use exactly this many levels for pyramid blending. A low number trades off quality of results for faster execution time and lower memory usage. The default is to use as many levels as possible given the source image size. However, recent versions don't seem to do that hence it might be useful to specify an arbitrary high number (f.e. -l 20) for best results. If you specify a high number Enfuse may still use a smaller number of levels if the geometry of the images demands it. <br />
-o output-file<br />
Required. Specify the name of the output file. <br />
-v<br />
Verbose output. <br />
-w<br />
Blend around the -180/+180 boundary. Useful for full-360 panoramas. Enfuse currently does not blend the zenith or the nadir, so you may still see some seams in these areas. <br />
--compression=COMP<br />
Write a compressed output file. Valid values are [[w:NONE|NONE]], [[w:PACKBITS|PACKBITS]], [[w:LZW|LZW]] and [[w:DEFLATE|DEFLATE]] for TIFF files, and numbers from 0-100 for JPEG files.<br />
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=== Extended options ===<br />
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-b kilobytes<br />
Set the block size for Enfuse's image cache. This is the amount of data that Enfuse will move to and from the disk in one go. The default is 2 MiB which should be good for most systems. <br />
-c<br />
Use the CIECAM02 color appearance model for blending colors. Your input TIFF files should have embedded ICC profiles. If no ICC profile is present, Enfuse will assume that image uses the sRGB color space. The difference between using this option and Enfuse's default color blending algorithm is very slight, and will be most noticeable when you need to blend areas of different primary colors together. <br />
-g<br />
Gimp (ver. < 2) and Cinepaint exhibit unusual behaviors when loading images with unassociated alpha channels. Use the -g flag to work around this. With this flag Enfuse will create the output image with the associated alpha tag set, even though the image is really unassociated alpha. <br />
-f WIDTHxHEIGHT+x0+y0<br />
Set the size and position of the output image manually. This is useful when the input images are cropped TIFF files, such as those produced by Nona. <br />
-m megabytes<br />
Set the size of Enfuse's image cache. This is the amount of RAM (in megabytes) Enfuse will use for storing image data before swapping to disk. The default is 1024 MB.<br />
<br />
=== Fusion options ===<br />
<code>W</code> is a number between 0 (no weight) and 1 (full weight)<br />
--wExposure=W<br />
Sets the relative weight of the well-exposedness criterion. Increasing this weight relative to the others will make well-exposed pixels contribute more to the final output. <br />
--wSaturation=W<br />
Sets the relative weight of high-saturation pixels. Increasing this weight makes pixels with high saturation contribute more to the final output. <br />
--wContrast=W<br />
Sets the relative weight of high-contrast pixels. Increasing this weight makes pixels with neighboring differently colored pixels contribute more to the final output. Particularly useful for focus stacks.<br />
--wMu=mu<br />
Mean of the gaussian weighting function (from 0 to 1) for the exposure criterion only. default value: 0.5. This moves the peak of the curve towards the brighter or darker end of the [[histogram]]. Higher values pick more brighter pixels from the source images, lower values more darker ones.<br />
--wSigma=sigma <br />
Standard deviation of the gaussian weighting function (from 0) for the exposure criterion only. default value: 0.2. Higher values cause a wider curve and more pixels to be taken from a particular image (possibly including under- and over-exposed ones). A lower value causes a narrower curve and less pixels to be taken, possibly resulting in banding.<br />
--HardMask<br />
Force hard blend masks on the finest scale. This avoids averaging of fine details (only), at the expense of increasing the noise. This improves the sharpness of focus stacks considerably.<br />
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=== Expert options ===<br />
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--ContrastWindowSize=s<br />
Window size for local contrast analysis. Values larger than 5 might result in increased computation times. Values in the range of 3 to 7 have given good results on focus stacks. The impact on the result quality is not easy to define. You will have to experiment.<br />
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--GrayProjector=OPERATOR<br />
Apply grayscale projection OPERATOR, where OPERATOR is one of "average", "l-star", "lightness", "value", "luminance", or "channel-mixer:RED-WEIGHT:GREEN-WEIGHT:BLUE-WEIGHT". Default: "average"<br />
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--EdgeScale=EDGESCALE[:LCESCALE[:LCEFACTOR]]<br />
Scale on which to look for edges. Positive LCESCALE switches on local contrast enhancement by LCEFACTOR (EDGESCALE, LCESCALE, LCEFACTOR >= 0).<br><br />
Append "%" to LCESCALE for values relative to EDGESCALE; <br><br />
append "%" to LCEFACTOR for relative value. Defaults: 0:0:0<br />
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--MinCurvature=CURVATURE<br />
Minimum CURVATURE for an edge to qualify. Append "%" for relative values. Default: 0.<br />
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--debug<br />
Output intermediate images for debugging.<br />
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== External Links ==<br />
=== Command line ===<br />
Another implementation of the enfuse algorithm is TuFuse from Max Lyons, which features automatic [[Depth_of_Field|DOF]] fusion (from a focus stack) and exposure fusion in one go as well as some additional options: http://www.tawbaware.com/tufuse.htm (freeware, windows only)<br />
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=== GUIs ===<br />
enfuse has triggered the development of some GUIs.<br />
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==== Multi platform ====<br />
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* The recent release of [[hugin]] has integrate enfuse fully. Get it from http://hugin.sourceforge.net (open source).<br />
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* [[PTGui]] Pro since version 7.7 has a built in image fusion tool which features the exposure criterion only but has extended adjustment possibilities.<br />
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* LR/Enfuse is a Lightroom plugin for blending exposures directly from within Lightroom using Enfuse. It works on Mac and PC. Get it from http://photographers-toolbox.com/products/lrenfuse.php<br />
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==== Linux ====<br />
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* [http://panorama.dyndns.org/index.php?lang=en&subject=KImageFuser&texttag=KImagefuser KImageFuser] by Harry van der Wolf is an enfuse/align_image_stack Gui for Linux (free GPL V3). It has a preview function and batch options. It is written in the graphical script environment [http://kommander.kdewebdev.org/ kommander] and can run on any linux platform. Dependencies are: kdewebdev-3.5.9 or newer, [http://enblend.sourceforge.net enfuse], align_image_stack (from [http://hugin.sourceforge.net Hugin]), convert ([http://www.imagemagick.org ImageMagick]). Not a dependendency but highly recommended: [http://www.sno.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/ Exiftool] to be able to copy all relevant exif data (ImageDescription, Make, Model, Artist, WhitePoint, Copyright, GPS:all, DateTimeOriginal, CreateDate, UserComment, ColorSpace, OwnerName, SerialNumber, all IPTC, all JFIF, XResolution, YResolution, ResolutionUnit, Lens, FocalLengthIn35mmFormat and FocalLength) to the new image. All dependencies are available in the main linux distributions. Note also that at least one KDE theme should be available like e.g. the famous (and default) "bluecurve" theme. KImageFuser has also been added to the [https://hugin.svn.sourceforge.net/svnroot/hugin/ Hugin svn] in it's own project [https://hugin.svn.sourceforge.net/svnroot/hugin/KImageFuser KImageFuser] tree.<br />
* [http://www.digikam.org/ digiKam] can use enfuse to blend bracketed images.<br />
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==== Windows ====<br />
* The droplets by Erik Krause are contained in the [[hugin]] windows package from http://hugin.sourceforge.net and installed ready to use. A group of image files or an entire folder can be dragged and dropped on a droplet. In case of a folder the user can specify the number of images in a bracketed series, hence multiple series can be enfused in one go. The droplets copy relevant EXIF data to the result image such that camera and lens data isn't lost f.e. for subsequent stitching. Another droplet version does automatic alignment in order to allow for handheld bracketed series. (open source)<br />
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* [http://software.bergmark.com/enfuseGUI/ EnfuseGUI] by Ingemar Bergmark is a graphical user interface (free).<br />
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*[http://www.tawbaware.com/tufusepro.htm TuFuse Pro] by Max Lyons is a nice graphical user interface to his own [http://www.tawbaware.com/tufuse.htm tufuse] free command line application (commercial)<br />
<br />
* [http://www.tawbaware.com/forum2/viewtopic.php?t=4966 Tufusion] is a free GUI for Max Lyons' tufuse, developed by TuFuse forum user "entropy". It's not as sophisticated as TuFuse Pro, but it surely makes life a lot easier, compared to using the command line application.<br />
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==== Mac OSX ====<br />
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* [http://pangeasoft.net/pano/bracketeer/ Bracketeer] (commercial) by ''Brian Greenstone'' is a graphical user interface with preview function for OS X 10.4 and higher.<br />
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* [http://software.bergmark.com/enfuseGUI/ EnfuseGUI] (donationware) by ''Ingemar Bergmark'' is a graphical user interface for OS X 10.4 and higher.<br />
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* [http://imagefuser.sourceforge.net ImageFuser] ([http://groups.google.com/group/hugin-ptx/browse_thread/thread/711ec6caf975785e Open Source]) by ''Harry van der Wolf'' is a graphical user interface for enfuse and [[align_image_stack]] with preview function for OS X 10.4 and higher.<br />
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* [http://www.kekus.com/legacy_products.html XFuse] (free) by ''Kevin Kratzke'' is a graphical user interface that allows for batch processing and works on OS X 10.4 and higher. Development of this application is discontinued, last downloadable version is 0.5 as of Feb. 8, 2008.<br />
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[[Category:Software:Platform:Mac OS X]]<br />
[[Category:Software:Platform:Linux]]<br />
[[Category:Software:Platform:Windows]]</div>Flozhttps://wiki.panotools.org/index.php?title=Tutorials&diff=13942Tutorials2012-04-23T05:07:34Z<p>Floz: /* Photography */</p>
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<div>{{RatingStarSystem}}<br />
There is also a list of all [[tutorials by rating]]<br />
== General ==<br />
* [[The why and how of panoramas]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[How stitching works]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
<br />
== Photography ==<br />
* [[Photography Guidelines]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[DSLR spherical resolution]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zEgLgReARxs Video tutorial on finding no-parallax point] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [http://www.johnhpanos.com/epcalib.htm Finding the No-Parallax Point] {{RateStar|3}}<br />
* [[Sigma 8mm Fisheye Canon 350D MrotatorCP]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[Special issues with fisheye lenses]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[ChristmasBallPanoTutor| Making a spherical panorama by photographing a christmas ball]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[Philopod pitch variation]] technique for shooting handheld {{RateStar|3}}<br />
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ouOEM4cKKGc Video tutorial on three panorama shooting techniques] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [http://panospace.wordpress.com/2009/12/24/nodal-ninja-calibration-tutorial/ Calibrating a panoramic head] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [http://panospace.wordpress.com/2008/02/29/parallax/ Understanding Parallax] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
<br />
== Preparation ==<br />
* [[A simple approach to HDR-blending]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[Bracketing]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[Chromatic aberration]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[Contrast Blending|Contrast Blending (Exposure Blending)]] {{RateStar|3}}<br />
* [[HDR compression]] {{RateStar|3}}<br />
* [[RAW dynamic range extraction]] {{RateStar|3}}<br />
* [[Working with RAW files in CS2|Working with RAW files in Photoshop CS2]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mUiw3jtErxk Developing & post-processing fisheye images in LightRoom (video tutorial)] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
<br />
== Stitching ==<br />
* [http://www.dffe.at/panotools/ptgui5-00e.html Basic Panorama Stitching workflow] with PTGui 5 {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W-WEosizCzE Basic panorama stitching in PTGui 9 Pro (video tutorial)] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [http://www.johnhpanos.com/ptgtut.htm 360 vr stitching with ptgui for beginners] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* Workflows for [[high resolution partial panoramas]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* Workflows for [http://www.dffe.at/pano360/ full spherical panoramas] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [http://www.johnhpanos.com/optitute.htm Using the optimizer] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[Full 16 bit workflow]] {{RateStar|3}}<br />
* [[Using Autopano-SIFT With PTGui]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[How to stitch flat images]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[Flat stitching for tilt-shift lenses]] {{RateStar|3}}<br />
* [http://www.dojoe.net/tutorials/linear-pano Creating linear panoramas with Hugin] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[16bit_workflow_with_hugin|16bit workflow for Hugin]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[16 bit panorama blending using 8 bit Gimp]] {{RateStar|3}}<br />
* [[High resolution film transparency digitalization using macro lens and stitching]] {{RateStar|3}}<br />
* [[HDR workflow with hugin]] {{RateStar|3}}<br />
* [[Stitching Nadir Shots]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[Fixing nadir parallax errors]] {{RateStar|3}}<br />
* [[Using Celeste with hugin]] {{RateStar|3}}<br />
* [[Stiching a photo-mosaic]]<br />
* [http://bit.ly/tut_hugin_spheric Creating a Spherical Panorama with Hugin, Panor2VR and Photoshop (Video Tutorial / German)] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [http://panospace.wordpress.com/2008/08/02/hugin-101/ Setting control points manually with Hugin] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [http://panospace.wordpress.com/2008/08/03/hugin-102/ Hugin Fisheye Basics] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [http://panospace.wordpress.com/2008/10/08/exposures-stacks/ Exposures Stack] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [http://panospace.wordpress.com/2010/09/19/linear-panoramas-mosaic-tutorial/ Linear Panoramas with Hugin 's Mosaic Mode] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [http://www.tilmanbremer.de/2011/10/panoramic-photography-revealed-part-ii-creating-perfect-panoramas-the-open-source-way/ Creating Perfect Panoramas, The Open Source Way] A complete workflow featuring Hugin, Gimp, SaladoConverter and Panini{{RateStar|2}}German Version: [http://www.tilmanbremer.de/2012/02/hinter-den-kulissen-der-panoramafotographie-teil-ii-perfekte-panoramen-open-source/ Perfekte Panoramen, Open Source]<br />
<br />
== Leveling and Remapping ==<br />
* [[Leveling a Finished Panorama]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [http://www.dffe.at/pano360/pano-horizont-360_en.html Straightening a (360-degree) Panorama] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [http://www.johnhpanos.com/levtut.htm levelling a panorama image with ptgui] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[Leveling a VR shooting setup]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[Perspective correction]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [http://www.johnhpanos.com/epcalib.htm finding the no-parallax point] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[Unusual remappings]]{{RateStar|3}}<br />
<br />
== Retouching ==<br />
=== Zenith and Nadir retouching ===<br />
* [[Zenith and Nadir editing overview]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WYbEHkxkOds Video tutorials showing 2 approaches: One uses PTGui, the other KRPano Tools] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[How to use PTEditor]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[Extracting and inserting rectilinear Views]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[Using enblend to fill the "Hole in the floor"]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[Edit zenith and nadir in one go with PTGui]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[Edit zenith and nadir in one go with Adjust filter]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[How to use enblend for patching zenith and nadir images]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[How to remove blending error caused by enblend and enfuse at zenith and nadir (automatic)]]<br />
* [http://panospace.wordpress.com/2008/03/18/edit-the-nadir/ Edit nadir with Hugin] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [http://panospace.wordpress.com/2008/03/24/edit-the-nadir-part-ii/ Edit layered nadir with Hugin] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
<br />
=== Tripod Caps ===<br />
* [[Adding a nadir cap (mirror ball)]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[Adding a nadir logo with text]] {{RateStar|3}}<br />
<br />
=== Other retouching ===<br />
* [[Upsampling a single image with ptstitcher]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[Retouching broken lines in Photoshop]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[Mending parallax errors with the shear tool]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [http://www.inertia-llc.com/sandbox/tutorials/shadow-matchcolor/ Shadow Removal on Panoramic Photography] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[Time lapse stabilization]] {{RateStar|3}}<br />
<br />
== Web Presentation ==<br />
* [[Partial Panoramas using ROI in PTViewer]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[HTML code for several viewers]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[Uploading Wiki Related Files]] Note: Just use the "upload file" link on the left of the page<br />
* [[create a custom ptviewer jar file]] {{RateStar|3}}<br />
* [[Geo-referencing panoramas with Google Maps]] {{RateStar|3}}<br />
* [[Have a single ptviewer jar file per website]] {{RateStar|3}}<br />
* PTViewerME2 Tutorial [http://panospace.wordpress.com/2008/06/29/ptviewerme2-tutorial-part-1/ part 1], [http://panospace.wordpress.com/2008/06/30/ptviewerme2-tutorial-part-2/ part 2], [http://panospace.wordpress.com/2008/07/17/ptviewerme2-tutorial-part-3/ part 3] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
<br />
=== Virtual Tours ===<br />
* [http://bit.ly/tut_krpano_gmap Creating a Virtual Tour with krpano and Google Maps Plugin (Video Tutorial / German)] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
<br />
== Object Movies ==<br />
* [[Create object movies]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[Self-made object turntable]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
<br />
== Printing ==<br />
* [[Printing panoramas]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[Philosphere]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
<br />
== Settings, values and miscellaneous==<br />
* [[How to allocate enough RAM for PTEditor]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[Circular cropping values in PTGui]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[Build pano12 from sourcecode]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[Build pano12 from sourcecode MSVC]] {{RateStar|3}}<br />
* [[How to install actions in Photoshop]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[How to install plug-ins in Photoshop]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[Enable windows file extensions]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[Embed QTVR into Powerpoint]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[Animating panoramas in Blender]] {{RateStar|3}}<br />
<br />
===Community===<br />
* How to use a [[Panotools:newsreader|NNTP newsreader]] to read the [[mailing list]]<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* A growing list of very good tutorials can be found on http://www.johnhpanos.com/tuts.htm<br />
<br />
[[Category:List]]</div>Flozhttps://wiki.panotools.org/index.php?title=DSLR_spherical_resolution&diff=13941DSLR spherical resolution2012-04-23T05:04:54Z<p>Floz: /* Pano sizes */ beautified LaTeX formula</p>
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<div>{{Glossary|What [[spherical]] panorama resolution can I obtain from a certain [[fisheyes|fisheye]]/camera combination.}}<br />
==Intro==<br />
In general photography megapixels are more or less synonymous to resulting image resolution. Panorama photography is a bit different, especially spherical panoramas. Here the sensor pixel density is more important than the sensor pixel count.<br />
<br />
==The Problem==<br />
Digital Single Lens Reflex (DSLR) cameras exist in four major groups: <br />
* With [[#FourThirds|FourThirds]] sensor (crop factor 2.0)<br />
* With an [[#APS-C|APS-C]] type sensor (crop factor 1.5 or 1.6)<br />
* With [[#APS-H|APS-H]] type sensor (crop factor 1.3)<br />
* With a sensor of the [[#Full size|full 35mm film size]] (crop factor 1.0)<br />
<br />
In each size category there are several cameras with different sensor resolutions. And there are several lenses that can be attached to cameras with different sensor sizes. To have the effects of different lenses comparable the concept of a 35mm equivalent focal length has been established - the real focal length multiplied with the crop factor gives the same [[Field of View]] like for a 35mm film camera. <br />
<br />
However, this is not possible for [[fisheyes|fisheye]] lenses, since the [[Focal Length]] does not correspond linearly to the [[Field of View]]. One has to look at the degree/mm ratio and absolute pixel density instead.<br />
<br />
==Degree/mm==<br />
In the [[Fisheye Projection]] an angular distance from the optical axis maps to a linear distance on the sensor. The mapping is determined by the focal length (the following numbers are approximations, since real fisheyes almost never resemble the ideal fisheye mapping):<br />
<br />
* 5.6mm focal length 11.4°/mm<br />
* 8mm focal length 8°/mm<br />
* 10.5mm focal length 6°/mm<br />
* 16mm focal length 4°/mm<br />
<br />
== Pixel density ==<br />
To deduce the pixel resolution obtainable by a certain sensor/lens combination we should know the density in pixels/mm of the respective sensor. The pixel density can be calculated roughly from the Megapixels (better would be actual pixel size) and the sensor size. For the three major groups and some typical Megapixel sizes:<br />
<br />
=== FourThirds ===<br />
with 13.5mm short side<br />
Megapixel 6 8 10 12<br />
Short side px 2121 2450 2739 3024<br />
px/mm 157 181 203 232<br />
<br />
=== APS-C === <br />
with 16mm short side <br />
Megapixel 6 8 10 12<br />
Short side px 2000 2309 2582 2828<br />
px/mm 125 144 161 177<br />
<br />
=== APS-H === <br />
with 19mm short side <br />
Megapixel 8 10 16<br />
Short side px 2336 2592 3264<br />
px/mm 123 137 172<br />
<br />
=== Full size ===<br />
with 24mm short side<br />
Megapixel 6 8 10 12 16 21 24<br />
Short side px 2000 2309 2582 2828 3266 3742 4032<br />
px/mm 83 96 108 118 136 156 168<br />
<br />
== Pano sizes ==<br />
From the above values we can easily calculate some sample panorama resolutions. The table gives some rounded values for the maximum pixel size of an equirectangular:<br />
<br />
FourThirds MP - - - - 6 7 8 10 12<br />
APS-C MP - - 6 8 10 11 12 15 20<br />
APS-H MP - - 8 10 - 16 - - -<br />
Full size MP 6 8 12 16 21 24 28 35 46<b><br />
pixel/mm 80 100 120 140 160 170 180 200 230</b><br />
f=5.6mm size 2520 3150 3780 4420 5050 5360 5680 6300 7260 <br />
f=8mm size 3600 4500 5400 6300 7200 7600 8100 9000 10350<br />
f=10.5mm size 4800 6000 7200 8400 9600 10200 10800 12000 13800 <br />
f=16mm size 7200 9000 10800 12600 14400 15300 16200 18000 20700<br />
<br />
The formula for an exact calculation is <math> \textstyle \frac {\text{pixel}/\text{mm}} {\text{degree}/\text{mm}}\cdot360</math><br />
<br />
<small><br />
--[[User:Erik Krause|Erik Krause]] 22:11, 21 August 2007 (CEST)<br />
</small><br />
[[Category:Tutorial:Nice to know]]<br />
[[Category:Glossary]]</div>Flozhttps://wiki.panotools.org/index.php?title=User:Floz&diff=13940User:Floz2012-04-23T05:03:12Z<p>Floz: Created page with 'My homepage: [http://www.pano.ie www.pano.ie].'</p>
<hr />
<div>My homepage: [http://www.pano.ie www.pano.ie].</div>Flozhttps://wiki.panotools.org/index.php?title=Tutorials&diff=13147Tutorials2011-02-14T10:36:12Z<p>Floz: /* Zenith and Nadir retouching */ added link to video tutorial</p>
<hr />
<div>{{RatingStarSystem}}<br />
There is also a list of all [[tutorials by rating]]<br />
== General ==<br />
* [[The why and how of panoramas]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[How stitching works]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
<br />
== Photography ==<br />
* [[Photography Guidelines]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[DSLR spherical resolution]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [http://www.johnhpanos.com/epcalib.htm Finding the No-Parallax Point] {{RateStar|3}}<br />
* [[Sigma 8mm Fisheye Canon 350D MrotatorCP]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[Special issues with fisheye lenses]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[ChristmasBallPanoTutor| Making a spherical panorama by photographing a christmas ball]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[Philopod pitch variation]] technique for shooting handheld {{RateStar|3}}<br />
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ouOEM4cKKGc Video tutorial on three panorama shooting techniques] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
<br />
== Preparation ==<br />
* [[A simple approach to HDR-blending]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[Bracketing]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[Chromatic aberration]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[Contrast Blending|Contrast Blending (Exposure Blending)]] {{RateStar|3}}<br />
* [[HDR compression]] {{RateStar|3}}<br />
* [[RAW dynamic range extraction]] {{RateStar|3}}<br />
* [[Working with RAW files in CS2|Working with RAW files in Photoshop CS2]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mUiw3jtErxk Developing & post-processing fisheye images in LightRoom (video tutorial)] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
<br />
== Stitching ==<br />
* [http://www.dffe.at/panotools/ptgui5-00e.html Basic Panorama Stitching workflow] with PTGui 5 {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W-WEosizCzE Basic panorama stitching in PTGui 9 Pro (video tutorial)] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [http://www.johnhpanos.com/ptgtut.htm 360 vr stitching with ptgui for beginners] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* Workflows for [[high resolution partial panoramas]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* Workflows for [http://www.dffe.at/pano360/ full spherical panoramas] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [http://www.johnhpanos.com/optitute.htm Using the optimizer] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[Full 16 bit workflow]] {{RateStar|3}}<br />
* [[Using Autopano-SIFT With PTGui]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[How to stitch flat images]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [http://www.dojoe.net/tutorials/linear-pano Creating linear panoramas with Hugin] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[16bit_workflow_with_hugin|16bit workflow for Hugin]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[HDR workflow with hugin]] {{RateStar|3}}<br />
* [[Stitching Nadir Shots]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[Fixing nadir parallax errors]] {{RateStar|3}}<br />
* [[Using Celeste with hugin]] {{RateStar|3}}<br />
* [[Stiching a photo-mosaic]]<br />
<br />
== Leveling and Remapping ==<br />
* [[Leveling a Finished Panorama]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [http://www.dffe.at/pano360/pano-horizont-360_en.html Straightening a (360-degree) Panorama] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [http://www.johnhpanos.com/levtut.htm levelling a panorama image with ptgui] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[Leveling a VR shooting setup]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[Perspective correction]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [http://www.johnhpanos.com/epcalib.htm finding the no-parallax point] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[Unusual remappings]]{{RateStar|3}}<br />
<br />
== Retouching ==<br />
=== Zenith and Nadir retouching ===<br />
* [[Zenith and Nadir editing overview]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WYbEHkxkOds Video tutorials showing 2 approaches: One uses PTGui, the other KRPano Tools] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[How to use PTEditor]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[Extracting and inserting rectilinear Views]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[Using enblend to fill the "Hole in the floor"]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[Edit zenith and nadir in one go with PTGui]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[Edit zenith and nadir in one go with Adjust filter]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[How to use enblend for patching zenith and nadir images]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
<br />
=== Tripod Caps ===<br />
* [[Adding a nadir cap (mirror ball)]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[Adding a nadir logo with text]] {{RateStar|3}}<br />
<br />
=== Other retouching ===<br />
* [[Upsampling a single image with ptstitcher]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[Retouching broken lines in Photoshop]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[Mending parallax errors with the shear tool]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [http://www.inertia-llc.com/sandbox/tutorials/shadow-matchcolor/ Shadow Removal on Panoramic Photography] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[Time lapse stabilization]] {{RateStar|3}}<br />
<br />
== Web Presentation ==<br />
* [[Partial Panoramas using ROI in PTViewer]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[HTML code for several viewers]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[Uploading Wiki Related Files]] Note: Just use the "upload file" link on the left of the page<br />
* [[create a custom ptviewer jar file]] {{RateStar|3}}<br />
* [[Geo-referencing panoramas with Google Maps]] {{RateStar|3}}<br />
* [[Have a single ptviewer jar file per website]] {{RateStar|3}}<br />
<br />
=== Object Movies ===<br />
* [[Create object movies]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[Self-made object turntable]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
<br />
== Printing ==<br />
* [[Printing panoramas]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[Philosphere]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
<br />
== Settings, values and miscellaneous==<br />
* [[How to allocate enough RAM for PTEditor]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[Circular cropping values in PTGui]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[Build pano12 from sourcecode]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[Build pano12 from sourcecode MSVC]] {{RateStar|3}}<br />
* [[How to install actions in Photoshop]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[How to install plug-ins in Photoshop]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[Enable windows file extensions]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[Embed QTVR into Powerpoint]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[Animating panoramas in Blender]] {{RateStar|3}}<br />
===Community===<br />
* How to use a [[Panotools:newsreader|NNTP newsreader]] to read the [[mailing list]]<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* A growing list of very good tutorials can be found on http://www.johnhpanos.com/tuts.htm<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:List]]</div>Flozhttps://wiki.panotools.org/index.php?title=Tutorials&diff=12995Tutorials2011-01-17T12:31:45Z<p>Floz: /* Stitching */ added tutorial video</p>
<hr />
<div>{{RatingStarSystem}}<br />
There is also a list of all [[tutorials by rating]]<br />
== General ==<br />
* [[The why and how of panoramas]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[How stitching works]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
<br />
== Photography ==<br />
* [[Photography Guidelines]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[DSLR spherical resolution]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [http://www.johnhpanos.com/epcalib.htm Finding the No-Parallax Point] {{RateStar|3}}<br />
* [[Sigma 8mm Fisheye Canon 350D MrotatorCP]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[Special issues with fisheye lenses]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[ChristmasBallPanoTutor| Making a spherical panorama by photographing a christmas ball]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[Philopod pitch variation]] technique for shooting handheld {{RateStar|3}}<br />
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ouOEM4cKKGc Video tutorial on three panorama shooting techniques] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
<br />
== Preparation ==<br />
* [[A simple approach to HDR-blending]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[Bracketing]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[Chromatic aberration]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[Contrast Blending|Contrast Blending (Exposure Blending)]] {{RateStar|3}}<br />
* [[HDR compression]] {{RateStar|3}}<br />
* [[RAW dynamic range extraction]] {{RateStar|3}}<br />
* [[Working with RAW files in CS2|Working with RAW files in Photoshop CS2]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mUiw3jtErxk Developing & post-processing fisheye images in LightRoom (video tutorial)] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
<br />
== Stitching ==<br />
* [http://www.dffe.at/panotools/ptgui5-00e.html Basic Panorama Stitching workflow] with PTGui 5 {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W-WEosizCzE Basic panorama stitching in PTGui 9 Pro (video tutorial)] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [http://www.johnhpanos.com/ptgtut.htm 360 vr stitching with ptgui for beginners] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* Workflows for [[high resolution partial panoramas]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* Workflows for [http://www.dffe.at/pano360/ full spherical panoramas] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [http://www.johnhpanos.com/optitute.htm Using the optimizer] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[Full 16 bit workflow]] {{RateStar|3}}<br />
* [[Using Autopano-SIFT With PTGui]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[How to stitch flat images]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [http://www.dojoe.net/tutorials/linear-pano Creating linear panoramas with Hugin] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[16bit_workflow_with_hugin|16bit workflow for Hugin]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[HDR workflow with hugin]] {{RateStar|3}}<br />
* [[Stitching Nadir Shots]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[Fixing nadir parallax errors]] {{RateStar|3}}<br />
* [[Using Celeste with hugin]] {{RateStar|3}}<br />
* [[Stiching a photo-mosaic]]<br />
<br />
== Leveling and Remapping ==<br />
* [[Leveling a Finished Panorama]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [http://www.dffe.at/pano360/pano-horizont-360_en.html Straightening a (360-degree) Panorama] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [http://www.johnhpanos.com/levtut.htm levelling a panorama image with ptgui] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[Leveling a VR shooting setup]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[Perspective correction]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [http://www.johnhpanos.com/epcalib.htm finding the no-parallax point] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[Unusual remappings]]{{RateStar|3}}<br />
<br />
== Retouching ==<br />
=== Zenith and Nadir retouching ===<br />
* [[Zenith and Nadir editing overview]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[How to use PTEditor]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[Extracting and inserting rectilinear Views]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[Using enblend to fill the "Hole in the floor"]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[Edit zenith and nadir in one go with PTGui]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[Edit zenith and nadir in one go with Adjust filter]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[How to use enblend for patching zenith and nadir images]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
<br />
=== Tripod Caps ===<br />
* [[Adding a nadir cap (mirror ball)]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[Adding a nadir logo with text]] {{RateStar|3}}<br />
<br />
=== Other retouching ===<br />
* [[Upsampling a single image with ptstitcher]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[Retouching broken lines in Photoshop]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[Mending parallax errors with the shear tool]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [http://www.inertia-llc.com/sandbox/tutorials/shadow-matchcolor/ Shadow Removal on Panoramic Photography] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[Time lapse stabilization]] {{RateStar|3}}<br />
<br />
== Web Presentation ==<br />
* [[Partial Panoramas using ROI in PTViewer]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[HTML code for several viewers]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[Uploading Wiki Related Files]] Note: Just use the "upload file" link on the left of the page<br />
* [[create a custom ptviewer jar file]] {{RateStar|3}}<br />
* [[Geo-referencing panoramas with Google Maps]] {{RateStar|3}}<br />
* [[Have a single ptviewer jar file per website]] {{RateStar|3}}<br />
<br />
=== Object Movies ===<br />
* [[Create object movies]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[Self-made object turntable]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
<br />
== Printing ==<br />
* [[Printing panoramas]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[Philosphere]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
<br />
== Settings, values and miscellaneous==<br />
* [[How to allocate enough RAM for PTEditor]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[Circular cropping values in PTGui]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[Build pano12 from sourcecode]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[Build pano12 from sourcecode MSVC]] {{RateStar|3}}<br />
* [[How to install actions in Photoshop]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[How to install plug-ins in Photoshop]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[Enable windows file extensions]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[Embed QTVR into Powerpoint]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[Animating panoramas in Blender]] {{RateStar|3}}<br />
===Community===<br />
* How to use a [[Panotools:newsreader|NNTP newsreader]] to read the [[mailing list]]<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* A growing list of very good tutorials can be found on http://www.johnhpanos.com/tuts.htm<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:List]]</div>Flozhttps://wiki.panotools.org/index.php?title=Tutorials&diff=12994Tutorials2011-01-17T12:26:16Z<p>Floz: /* Preparation */ added video tutorial link</p>
<hr />
<div>{{RatingStarSystem}}<br />
There is also a list of all [[tutorials by rating]]<br />
== General ==<br />
* [[The why and how of panoramas]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[How stitching works]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
<br />
== Photography ==<br />
* [[Photography Guidelines]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[DSLR spherical resolution]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [http://www.johnhpanos.com/epcalib.htm Finding the No-Parallax Point] {{RateStar|3}}<br />
* [[Sigma 8mm Fisheye Canon 350D MrotatorCP]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[Special issues with fisheye lenses]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[ChristmasBallPanoTutor| Making a spherical panorama by photographing a christmas ball]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[Philopod pitch variation]] technique for shooting handheld {{RateStar|3}}<br />
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ouOEM4cKKGc Video tutorial on three panorama shooting techniques] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
<br />
== Preparation ==<br />
* [[A simple approach to HDR-blending]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[Bracketing]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[Chromatic aberration]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[Contrast Blending|Contrast Blending (Exposure Blending)]] {{RateStar|3}}<br />
* [[HDR compression]] {{RateStar|3}}<br />
* [[RAW dynamic range extraction]] {{RateStar|3}}<br />
* [[Working with RAW files in CS2|Working with RAW files in Photoshop CS2]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mUiw3jtErxk Developing & post-processing fisheye images in LightRoom (video tutorial)] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
<br />
== Stitching ==<br />
* [http://www.dffe.at/panotools/ptgui5-00e.html Basic Panorama Stitching workflow] with PTGui 5 {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [http://www.johnhpanos.com/ptgtut.htm 360 vr stitching with ptgui for beginners] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* Workflows for [[high resolution partial panoramas]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* Workflows for [http://www.dffe.at/pano360/ full spherical panoramas] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [http://www.johnhpanos.com/optitute.htm Using the optimizer] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[Full 16 bit workflow]] {{RateStar|3}}<br />
* [[Using Autopano-SIFT With PTGui]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[How to stitch flat images]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [http://www.dojoe.net/tutorials/linear-pano Creating linear panoramas with Hugin] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[16bit_workflow_with_hugin|16bit workflow for Hugin]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[HDR workflow with hugin]] {{RateStar|3}}<br />
* [[Stitching Nadir Shots]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[Fixing nadir parallax errors]] {{RateStar|3}}<br />
* [[Using Celeste with hugin]] {{RateStar|3}}<br />
* [[Stiching a photo-mosaic]]<br />
<br />
== Leveling and Remapping ==<br />
* [[Leveling a Finished Panorama]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [http://www.dffe.at/pano360/pano-horizont-360_en.html Straightening a (360-degree) Panorama] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [http://www.johnhpanos.com/levtut.htm levelling a panorama image with ptgui] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[Leveling a VR shooting setup]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[Perspective correction]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [http://www.johnhpanos.com/epcalib.htm finding the no-parallax point] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[Unusual remappings]]{{RateStar|3}}<br />
<br />
== Retouching ==<br />
=== Zenith and Nadir retouching ===<br />
* [[Zenith and Nadir editing overview]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[How to use PTEditor]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[Extracting and inserting rectilinear Views]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[Using enblend to fill the "Hole in the floor"]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[Edit zenith and nadir in one go with PTGui]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[Edit zenith and nadir in one go with Adjust filter]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[How to use enblend for patching zenith and nadir images]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
<br />
=== Tripod Caps ===<br />
* [[Adding a nadir cap (mirror ball)]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[Adding a nadir logo with text]] {{RateStar|3}}<br />
<br />
=== Other retouching ===<br />
* [[Upsampling a single image with ptstitcher]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[Retouching broken lines in Photoshop]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[Mending parallax errors with the shear tool]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [http://www.inertia-llc.com/sandbox/tutorials/shadow-matchcolor/ Shadow Removal on Panoramic Photography] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[Time lapse stabilization]] {{RateStar|3}}<br />
<br />
== Web Presentation ==<br />
* [[Partial Panoramas using ROI in PTViewer]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[HTML code for several viewers]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[Uploading Wiki Related Files]] Note: Just use the "upload file" link on the left of the page<br />
* [[create a custom ptviewer jar file]] {{RateStar|3}}<br />
* [[Geo-referencing panoramas with Google Maps]] {{RateStar|3}}<br />
* [[Have a single ptviewer jar file per website]] {{RateStar|3}}<br />
<br />
=== Object Movies ===<br />
* [[Create object movies]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[Self-made object turntable]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
<br />
== Printing ==<br />
* [[Printing panoramas]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[Philosphere]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
<br />
== Settings, values and miscellaneous==<br />
* [[How to allocate enough RAM for PTEditor]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[Circular cropping values in PTGui]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[Build pano12 from sourcecode]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[Build pano12 from sourcecode MSVC]] {{RateStar|3}}<br />
* [[How to install actions in Photoshop]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[How to install plug-ins in Photoshop]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[Enable windows file extensions]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[Embed QTVR into Powerpoint]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[Animating panoramas in Blender]] {{RateStar|3}}<br />
===Community===<br />
* How to use a [[Panotools:newsreader|NNTP newsreader]] to read the [[mailing list]]<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* A growing list of very good tutorials can be found on http://www.johnhpanos.com/tuts.htm<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:List]]</div>Flozhttps://wiki.panotools.org/index.php?title=Tutorials&diff=12965Tutorials2011-01-08T16:07:54Z<p>Floz: /* Photography */ Added link to video tutorial</p>
<hr />
<div>{{RatingStarSystem}}<br />
There is also a list of all [[tutorials by rating]]<br />
== General ==<br />
* [[The why and how of panoramas]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[How stitching works]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
<br />
== Photography ==<br />
* [[Photography Guidelines]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[DSLR spherical resolution]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [http://www.johnhpanos.com/epcalib.htm Finding the No-Parallax Point] {{RateStar|3}}<br />
* [[Sigma 8mm Fisheye Canon 350D MrotatorCP]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[Special issues with fisheye lenses]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[ChristmasBallPanoTutor| Making a spherical panorama by photographing a christmas ball]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[Philopod pitch variation]] technique for shooting handheld {{RateStar|3}}<br />
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ouOEM4cKKGc Video tutorial on three panorama shooting techniques] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
<br />
== Preparation ==<br />
* [[A simple approach to HDR-blending]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[Bracketing]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[Chromatic aberration]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[Contrast Blending|Contrast Blending (Exposure Blending)]] {{RateStar|3}}<br />
* [[HDR compression]] {{RateStar|3}}<br />
* [[RAW dynamic range extraction]] {{RateStar|3}}<br />
* [[Working with RAW files in CS2|Working with RAW files in Photoshop CS2]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
<br />
== Stitching ==<br />
* [http://www.dffe.at/panotools/ptgui5-00e.html Basic Panorama Stitching workflow] with PTGui 5 {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [http://www.johnhpanos.com/ptgtut.htm 360 vr stitching with ptgui for beginners] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* Workflows for [[high resolution partial panoramas]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* Workflows for [http://www.dffe.at/pano360/ full spherical panoramas] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [http://www.johnhpanos.com/optitute.htm Using the optimizer] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[Full 16 bit workflow]] {{RateStar|3}}<br />
* [[Using Autopano-SIFT With PTGui]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[How to stitch flat images]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [http://www.dojoe.net/tutorials/linear-pano Creating linear panoramas with Hugin] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[16bit_workflow_with_hugin|16bit workflow for Hugin]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[HDR workflow with hugin]] {{RateStar|3}}<br />
* [[Stitching Nadir Shots]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[Fixing nadir parallax errors]] {{RateStar|3}}<br />
* [[Using Celeste with hugin]] {{RateStar|3}}<br />
* [[Stiching a photo-mosaic]]<br />
<br />
== Leveling and Remapping ==<br />
* [[Leveling a Finished Panorama]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [http://www.dffe.at/pano360/pano-horizont-360_en.html Straightening a (360-degree) Panorama] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [http://www.johnhpanos.com/levtut.htm levelling a panorama image with ptgui] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[Leveling a VR shooting setup]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[Perspective correction]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [http://www.johnhpanos.com/epcalib.htm finding the no-parallax point] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[Unusual remappings]]{{RateStar|3}}<br />
<br />
== Retouching ==<br />
=== Zenith and Nadir retouching ===<br />
* [[Zenith and Nadir editing overview]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[How to use PTEditor]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[Extracting and inserting rectilinear Views]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[Using enblend to fill the "Hole in the floor"]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[Edit zenith and nadir in one go with PTGui]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[Edit zenith and nadir in one go with Adjust filter]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[How to use enblend for patching zenith and nadir images]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
<br />
=== Tripod Caps ===<br />
* [[Adding a nadir cap (mirror ball)]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[Adding a nadir logo with text]] {{RateStar|3}}<br />
<br />
=== Other retouching ===<br />
* [[Upsampling a single image with ptstitcher]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[Retouching broken lines in Photoshop]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[Mending parallax errors with the shear tool]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [http://www.inertia-llc.com/sandbox/tutorials/shadow-matchcolor/ Shadow Removal on Panoramic Photography] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[Time lapse stabilization]] {{RateStar|3}}<br />
<br />
== Web Presentation ==<br />
* [[Partial Panoramas using ROI in PTViewer]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[HTML code for several viewers]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[Uploading Wiki Related Files]] Note: Just use the "upload file" link on the left of the page<br />
* [[create a custom ptviewer jar file]] {{RateStar|3}}<br />
* [[Geo-referencing panoramas with Google Maps]] {{RateStar|3}}<br />
* [[Have a single ptviewer jar file per website]] {{RateStar|3}}<br />
<br />
=== Object Movies ===<br />
* [[Create object movies]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[Self-made object turntable]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
<br />
== Printing ==<br />
* [[Printing panoramas]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[Philosphere]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
<br />
== Settings, values and miscellaneous==<br />
* [[How to allocate enough RAM for PTEditor]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[Circular cropping values in PTGui]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[Build pano12 from sourcecode]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[Build pano12 from sourcecode MSVC]] {{RateStar|3}}<br />
* [[How to install actions in Photoshop]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[How to install plug-ins in Photoshop]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[Enable windows file extensions]] {{RateStar|2}}<br />
* [[Embed QTVR into Powerpoint]] {{RateStar|1}}<br />
* [[Animating panoramas in Blender]] {{RateStar|3}}<br />
===Community===<br />
* How to use a [[Panotools:newsreader|NNTP newsreader]] to read the [[mailing list]]<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* A growing list of very good tutorials can be found on http://www.johnhpanos.com/tuts.htm<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:List]]</div>Flozhttps://wiki.panotools.org/index.php?title=Philopod_pitch_variation&diff=12963Philopod pitch variation2011-01-08T13:43:24Z<p>Floz: Added link to video tutorial</p>
<hr />
<div>A [[philopod]] is a simple and portable alternative to a panoramic head. This<br />
[[tutorials|tutorial]] covers just one way of working with a philopod to<br />
capture a full spherical panorama.<br />
<br />
These pictures are taken with a full frame [[Fisheye Projection|fisheye]] that has a 170 degree<br />
vertical [[Field of View|angle of view]] when used in [[portrait]] orientation:<br />
<br />
[[Image:Philopod-example-1.jpg]]<br />
<br />
This means that it isn't possible to capture both the [[zenith]] and [[nadir]]<br />
with a single row of shots - This would require both a lens with an angle<br />
of view greater than 180 degrees and careful levelling of the camera.<br />
<br />
However this isn't a problem if you manually tilt the camera up and down while capturing<br />
the sequence, something that is hard with a tripod, but easy with a handheld<br />
[[philopod]]. So the first and third shots are tilted down by 10 degrees or<br />
so, capturing the nadir, and the second and fourth shots are tilted up 10<br />
degrees to capture the zenith:<br />
<br />
[[Image:Philopod-example-2.jpg]]<br />
<br />
So when stitched together, there is a good amount of coverage of the entire scene:<br />
<br />
[[Image:Philopod-example-3.jpg]]<br />
<br />
One problem with this system is that the stitching seams run directly through<br />
both the zenith and nadir. This causes problems for blending tools such as<br />
[[enblend]], since they have no idea that this is an<br />
[[Equirectangular Projection|equirectangular]] image and get the seams wrong as a<br />
result. It is also difficult to hand retouch the poles for the same reasons.<br />
<br />
The solution is to stitch the panorama in different orientation with all the<br />
seams in the middle of the output where the equirectangular distortion is<br />
minimal:<br />
<br />
[[Image:Philopod-example-4.jpg]]<br />
<br />
This is very quick and easy to do, just adjust the anchor image so the weight at the end<br />
of the philopod is in the centre of the output. This has another useful advantage -<br />
The panorama is now completely self-levelling since the philopod forms a plum-line, so<br />
there is no need to set [[vertical control points]] to level the scene.<br />
<br />
The final step is to flip the panorama back to a level orientation, just load<br />
it into one of the [[GUI front-ends]] as an equirectangular input image with a pitch of<br />
-90 degrees and ''stitch''. Here is the result as a QTVR:<br />
<br />
<pano file="Philopod-pitch-variation.mov" width="600" height="450" scale="tofit" controller="true" cache="true" /><br />
<br />
=== Notes ===<br />
<br />
This technique isn't limited to four shots with an ''up, down, up, down'' sequence. Lenses<br />
with a narrower [[Field of View|angle of view]] or difficult scenes might require six shots at 60 degree<br />
rotation.<br />
<br />
In this six shot case, the obvious sequence of ''up, down, up, down, up, down'' generates<br />
complex seams that are difficult to disentangle, I get better results with an<br />
''up, down, down, up, down, down'' sequence instead.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Tutorial:Specialised]]<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Links ===<br />
<br />
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ouOEM4cKKGc Video tutorial demonstrating this technique]</div>Floz